Tag Archive for: Technology

Changing Industry Stereotypes Can Increase Women in STEM

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People waiting for an interviewDo we really have to paint a picture to make the serious under-representation of women in science, technology, engineering, and mathematical (STEM) fields any clearer? YES, decided the faculty at New Jersey Institute of Technology, who have released the infograph, “Are Stereotypes Keeping Women Away from Science?”

Paint a picture it does. A quick glance reveals that women are represented half as much in STEM professions (25%) as they are in the workforce, while rarer yet in engineering and computer and mathematical sciences. From associates to doctorate, women are much less likely to convert their (relatively fewer) STEM degrees into a career in the field, where they’ll net unequal pay and less recognition. In fact, women are twice as likely to end up working in the lower-paying fields of education or healthcare with their STEM degree. Underneath this are the unconscious bias against female applicants and early ingraining of gender stereotypes.

Despite the frustrating gender dynamics at play for women in the STEM field, the biggest reason for the gender gap is too few are. Two recent studies recommend to get more women into the STEM door, widen the entrance: address narrow stereotypes about the field.

Gender, Science, and the “Brilliance” Factor

Recent research published in Science by Leslie and Cimpian found that in academia women are underrepresented in fields across science and humanities that value innate brilliance and morerepresented in those that value hard work and dedication.

Why? Because our culture still implicitly links raw, innate talent/genius/inborn ability/brilliance with men and not women.

As the Washington Post put it, “The difference between Sherlock Holmes and Hermione Granger may help explain why women don’t thrive as much as men in some fields of academia. One is brilliant by nature and the other has to work her butt off, and they represent the pervasive gender stereotypes of our age.“

Across 1,800 academics from 30 different disciplines, academia participants rated the importance of having “an innate gift or talent” or “a special aptitude that just can’t be taught” to succeed in their field versus the value of “motivation and sustained effort.” The study found the implicit emphasis put on brilliance as a success criteria predicted under-representation of women far better than other tested hypotheses. The findings extended to African-American representation, too.

The researchers clarified there’s no convincing evidence that men and women differ in capacity for brilliance, and the study can’t validate it’s actual importance in the field. “The argument is about the culture of the field,” Cimpian said. “In our current cultural climate, where women are stereotypically seen as less likely to possess these special intellectual gifts, emphasizing that those gifts are required for success is going to have a differential effect on men and women.”

Researcher Leslie shared, “Consider for example how difficult it is to think of even a single pop-culture portrayal of a woman who like Sherlock Holmes (& others)…displays that special spark of innate, unschooled genius.”

Field-specific success beliefs conspire with long-held gender stereotypes. “Any group that’s stereotyped to lack a trait that a field values is going to be underrepresented in that field,” Cimpian said.

While the gender stereotype around brilliance may be infuriating, the researchers recommend it’s the stereotype around the discipline that can easily change: downplay the importance of innate brilliance and reflect all excellence requires hard work.

“These findings suggest that academics who wish to increase the diversity of their fields should pay particular attention to the messages they send about what’s required for success,” said Leslie.

Culture Stereotypes & Computer Science

Dove-tailing the recommendation, a new research paper from Cheryan, Master, and Meltzoff asserts that to open the gates to computer science and engineering wider for women, diversify the gatekeeper stereotypes about the culture of these fields.

The article reports, “Computer science and engineering are stereotyped in modern American culture as male-oriented fields that involve social isolation, an intense focus on machinery, and inborn brilliance. These stereotypes are compatible with qualities that are typically more valued in men than women in American culture. As a result, when computer science and engineering stereotypes are salient, girls report less interest in these fields than their male peers.”

The authors acknowledge that many social constraints keep women from engineering and computer science. But they found that diversifying the way these fields are represented – the kind of people, the nature of the work, and values of the field – changes young women’s sense of interest and belonging in the field.

With no direct experience of the field, stereotypes and media representations are often what students have to go on, and they are tight and narrow. Picture a white, geeky, tech-focused, socially awkward but intellectually brilliant, pale-skinned guy with glasses who sleeps and eats science and works on his own. The researchers say cultural stereotypes like this “are perceived as incompatible with qualities that are valued in women, such as being feminine, people-oriented, and modest about one’s abilities.” Women don’t feel they belong to the culture.

The researchers argue that diversifying and broadening the stereotypes (rather than getting rid of them as they also positively draw people) attracts more women to computer science and engineering by enabling them to identify more with the fields, without deflecting male interest.

One opportunity to widen image is in media, which strongly impacts upon stereotypes. In one study women who read articles that computer science was breaking away from stereotypes were more interested in the field than those who read an article confirming them, whereas men’s interest was not affected.

A second opportunity to widen image is in more diverse exposure to the people in the field. In a previous study, Cheryan found that women’s interest was positively influenced when they interviewed a computer scientist who had non-stereotypical appearance (plain t-shirt) and preferences (eg enjoys socializing), regardless of their gender. In fact, the experience increased women’s sense they could succeed in the field compared to women who interviewed with the stereotype. Men’s sense they could succeed was not affected.

The researchers noted, “When the people in computer science depict themselves in a manner consistent with the stereotypes, it can convey to other students that one must fit the stereotypes to be successful in these fields.”

A third opportunity to widen image is around workenvironments, which reflect dominant cultural values. The researchers previously found that young women who were exposed to a room with non-stereotypical objects (nature posters vs. Star Trek, water bottles vs. soda cans, neutral books vs. science fiction books) were far more likely to express interest in pursuing computer science than those that visited a stereotypical room. This represents a sense of “ambient” belonging.

The researchers point out that while these sciences remain male-dominated cultures in which women do face obstacles, “A broader image that shows many different types of people and working environments in computer science and engineering actually represents a more realistic portrayal.” Diversifying representation of computer science helped increased female enrolment in certain universities.

Going beyond narrow cultural stereotypes in STEM widens the door to girls and women. And as more women dare to enter it, the culture will likely, if slowly, evolve too.

By Aimee Hansen

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Embracing Our Differences to Unlock Possibility

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women in technologyWhen people discover that I have founded two game changing tech companies and thrived in the predominantly male dominated tech world, the first thing they ask is, “What did you do differently?”

There are a few forces shaping business today, making it ideal for women to create greater impact than ever before.

Today, Fortune 500 companies such as IBM, Yahoo and Xerox have women at their helm. Women own almost a third (29%) of all businesses in the US, and women-owned businesses generate $1.3 Trillion Dollars in revenue annually. Since the beginning of time, we as women have been pregnant with ideas and creativity. As mothers, sisters, and daughters, our traditional roles at home have built-in business leadership functions.

But first, we have to accept that we are different from men; and that there are genetics at play that make us uniquely different from them. But this difference should not to be judged as better or worse – just different! These intrinsic differences are what we can leverage today into veritable business successes that impact our communities and the world at large.

It’s an exciting time to be a woman in tech and business in general. What once was a disadvantage has now become a strength. Smart businesses are recognizing that our perspectives are vital to their success. Our input and contributions are no longer considered niceties, but rather necessities.

Google Diversity Evangelist Jewel Burks recently shared that the measure of true diversity for companies such as Google is ensuring that they reflect on the inside what customers look like on the outside. This is highly insightful in understanding the diversity imperative. We cant serve our customer base well, if we can’t understand their needs. The currency for the long-term success of business is diversity.

Unfortunately, many women have yet to recognize and embrace this power. They believe that, in order to be successful in male dominated areas, they have to behave or act like men. This is counterproductive, because our unique perspective and difference from men is what is needed to create the complete picture. Our skills, thoughts, and dreams are significant because they are often new and different. When we think we need to act like men in order to be successful in business, we limit ourselves and throw the entire equation off balance. It’s like walking with two left feet.

Our significance lies in embracing our talents and raising them to a level of excellence. Small hinges swing big doors , and so it is with our contributions. They matter and can make a huge impact. I have always embraced my differences, as they are what have created so many opportunities.

In a left-brain or right-brain world, it has always been difficult for me to be “whole-brained.” This has been a struggle my entire life. People ask me, “What are you – a techie or a creative? Left brained or right brained? Artist or scientist?” The answer is both! I love technology as much as I love the creative. I am a writer at heart. Throughout my life, I’ve sought opportunities that would allow me to express both. But for a long time, a whole-brained approach was frowned upon, especially in places where people perceived it didn’t fit. Some of my engineering reports were deemed too flowery and verbose, perhaps more suited for a novel. I felt I needed to make a choice between the two, and people often demanded that I make a choice.

As technology grew and started taking over all our lives, a lot shifted. For example, marketing companies were required to become technology and media companies. They needed to understand online marketing, mobile platforms, analytics and know how to leverage new technology mediums. I found myself at the confluence of art and science. New innovations required the artist to think like the scientist, and the scientist to think like the artist. Suddenly, my kind wasn’t just wanted; we were in high demand. What had been a point of contention in the past became my calling card. I remember clearly when the shift started to occur.

At Boeing Digital Cinema, I had helped develop the technology to deliver movies digitally. One day, I was watching the movie Crush with other engineers – after we had encoded it but before the director previewed it. I took one look at the screen and noticed a very thin white film over it. When my colleagues said they couldn’t see the white film, I thought perhaps I needed to get my eyes checked and let it go. To my surprise, when the director walked in, he stopped in the middle of the theater and said, “The contrast ratio is off – the blacks are not as black as I need them to be.” referring to the pixels.

I have always enjoyed a good narrative, always paying attention to both the esoteric and the mundane. Working on digital Cinema was supremely rewarding for me because I realized then that I could see what the directors saw and understand what the engineers knew. I could work with engineers to create solutions without requiring directors to sit through hours of torture doing signal processing (a purely engineering function). I could also talk to directors in depth about the narrative to attain a beautiful balance between art and science. And I loved and enjoyed the process!

I had found my sweet spot. My whole brain was now in demand, to a point where I started my own business Next Galaxy – a technology and content solutions company have since done business with the likes of Microsoft XBOX, Coca Cola Company, Tribune News, Toyota and over 200 radio stations. I was even approached by producers of ABC’s highly popular show The Bachelor to help them in casting season seven, leveraging both Internet and traditional avenues. I thought of my whole-brain personality as not fitting in anywhere, yet it was that difference that allowed me to ultimately create the magic. Being uniquely me is what has proved to be invaluable in an unbelievable way.

It is only when we embrace our difference that we can unlock the door to the possibility of offering the world something new that doesn’t exist.

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Listening Is Getting Harder, but It’s Necessary for Leaders

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women in technologyEvolving digital technology demands more communication and accessibility from all employees, which leads to a culture of multi-tasking. But as leaders face increased communication demands, it’s important that they retain the value of listening.

Listening is Getting More Difficult

Active listening has been identified as one of the ten attributes of embodied leadership. Effective listening by leaders has been noted as the first step in creating trust within organizations. Also research shows that supervisor listening contributes to employee job satisfaction, satisfaction with the supervisor, and fosters a strong and beneficial exchange between leaders and team members.

Yet according to Accenture’s #ListenLearnLead study of 3,600 business professionals across 30 countries, the vast majority of professionals (64%) feel that listening has become more difficult in today’s workplace.

While nearly all (96%) of global professionals judged themselves to be “good listeners”, nearly all (98%) also report multi-tasking at least part of the day.

The study found that eight in ten respondents said they multi-task on conference calls with work emails (66%), instant messaging (35%), personal emails (34%), social media (22%) and reading news and entertainment (21%). In fact, professionals report distracted listening and divided attention unless they are held directly and visibly responsible within the context of the meeting.

“Digital is changing everything, including the ways in which we communicate. In turn, the way we communicate is changing how we listen, learn and lead in the workplace,” says Nellie Berroro, Managing Director, Global Inclusion & Diversity at Accenture. “Today, truly listening means not just watching our nonverbal cues in face-to-face meetings, but also maintaining our focus on conference calls, staying present, and resisting the urge to multi-task with instant messages and texts.”

Multi-Tasking Means More Quantity, But Less Quality

The attraction to multi-tasking seems to be a double-edged sword in the workplace that pins quantity against quality.

In Accenture’s study, 64% of Millennials, 54% of Gen Xers, and 49% of Baby Boomers reported multi-tasking during at least half of their work day. While 66% of professionals agreed multi-tasking enables them to get more done at work, 36% report that distractions prevent them from doing their best work. Millennials were at the extreme on each – feeling multi-tasking meant getting more done (73%) and yet distractions prevented them from doing their best work (41%).

However it’s traditional interruptions imposed by others (telephone calls & unscheduled meetings & visitors) rather than technology that were reported as most disruptive, perhaps due to the lack of control over these distractions.

What suffers? The trade-offs reported include decreased focus, lower-quality work, and diminished team relationships. But can leaders afford these trade-offs, too?

Despite the Benefits, Are Leaders Too Accessible?

“Our survey found technology both helps and hinders effective leadership,” says Borrero. On the positive side, 58% of survey respondents saw technology as a benefit for leaders enabling them to communicate quickly with their teams, allowing both time and geographic flexibility (47%) as well as accessibility (46%).

However, 62% of women and 54% of men felt technology made leaders over-stretched by being too accessible. 50% of respondents felt it forced multi-tasking and 40% felt it distracted from culture and relationship building. 55% felt a top challenge for leaders is information overload.

Borrero recommends practicing discipline when needed in disengaging from other technologies to give full focus to the material in front of you, such as putting your mobile device on silent during phone conferences and actively noting key points. “When you face information overload,” she says, “become comfortable with turning off technology. For example, you might disconnect at night, so you can recharge, and decide not to look at your phone until the morning.”

Importantly, when it comes to effective leadership and overcoming barriers to it, focusing on quality of communication and connection matters most – and that may very well start with listening.

The most important leadership attributes identified by the study were the “soft skills” of effective communication (55%), ability to manage change (47%), and ability to inspire others and ideas (45%), closely followed by understanding team members.

Yet this is also where skills suffer: the two most commonly perceived obstacles to effective team leadership were a lack of interpersonal skills (50%) and a lack of communication skills (44%).

Getting Better At Listening

While digital technology brings many advantages, leaders who compromise at listening may compromise their ability to lead effectively.

A Westminster Business School report highlights, “Listening is an essential skill in all situations and it is particularly important for leaders and managers to actually hear what others say, not simply what we think we hear them say…All great leadership starts with listening. That means listening with an open mind, heart and will. It means listening to what is being said as well as what isn’t being said.”

Despite its importance to leadership, leaders are too often ineffective at truly listening according to an HBR article by Christine M. Riordan. She notes, “The ability and willingness to listen with empathy is often what sets a leader apart.”

Riordan outlines three key behaviors leaders can practice that are linked with empathetic listening:

1) Hearing with all of your senses and acknowledging what you’ve heard.

This means “recognizing all verbal and nonverbal cues, including tone, facial expressions, and other body language.” It’s as much about listening to what is not said as what is said, and probing a bit deeper, as well as acknowledging others feelings or viewpoints and the act of sharing them.

2) Processing what is being shared and heard.

This means “understanding the meaning of the messages and keeping track of the (key) points of the conversation.” Effective leaders are able to capture and remember global themes, key messages, and points of agreement and disagreement.

3) Responding to and encouraging communication.

This means “assuring others that listening has occurred and encouraging communication to continue.” Acknowledging others verbally or non-verbally, asking clarifying questions, or paraphrasing reflects consideration of their input. This can also mean following-up to ensure others know listening has occurred.

According to Accenture’s Borrero, “Leaders are role models employees emulate, so it’s important for them to set a good example. In our increasingly hyper-connected digital workplace, we all need to practice ‘active listening,’ including paraphrasing, taking notes and asking questions. At Accenture, we offer a number of courses in effective listening, which is critical to our company as we focus on serving clients.”

In today’s leadership context, where effective leadership means showing social awareness not just self-awareness, leaders may employ technology to help them do it, but one way or another, it’s important they find a way to truly listen.

By Aimee Hansen

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Three Critical Factors for Career Advancement in Technology

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People around a laptopRecently, The Glass Hammer hosted its Third Annual Women in Technology networking event, sponsored by American Express. Our panelists discussed how they advanced through the ranks to become senior leaders within their organizations.

Moderator Jennifer Christie, Chief Diversity Officer at American Express, noted that while each woman had a very different career path, there were some identifiable threads of similarity – specifically, recognizing male sponsors, taking risks, and leveraging problem solving skills.

Our panelists included Hanna Derry, Managing Director Technology, Blackrock Investment Management; Avis Yates Rivers, CEO, Technology Concepts; Joyce Ulrich, CIO, Legg Mason Global Asset Management; and Gabrielle Vitale, SVP and Chief Information Security Officer, American Express.

Christie also commented that a big trait each of the panelists displayed was a desire for growth. Throughout their careers, the women identified their next step, made it known what they wanted, and then set out to achieve it. “As they made that next move, it was something they saw out there and went for it – they decided ‘this is what I want and I’m going to go for it.’”

1. Finding Male Champions

It can be difficult for women in technology to find their niche and break through to leadership in the male dominated technology workspace. Yates Rivers believes a big part of this comes down to confidence. “On the company side and on the customer side, most of the people I interact with are men. But I have noticed that women will tend to doubt themselves and won’t take as many risks in general,” she explained. “Or they won’t give themselves individual contributor credit. They’ll say, ‘the team did this,’ whereas men will say, ‘I did this.’”

A big factor in developing breakthrough confidence comes from gaining the support of coworkers and superiors. In fact, in recent years, sponsorship has been increasingly recognized as one of those game-changing factors for advancement. Sponsors are senior, influential people who champion the individuals they believe in. They may put them up for promotions or suggest them for stretch assignments. In return, protégées support them and come through on the assignments they’ve been sponsored into.

The event’s keynote speaker Catherine Ashcraft, Head of Research at the National Center for Women and Information Technology (NCWIT), gave a presentation on forthcoming research on the subject of male champions. “Men are often the leaders and gatekeepers in the technology environment. It’s important to understand men’s experiences and what motivates them,” she explained, specifically when it comes to championing women and diversity on their teams.

Ashcraft said prime candidates for male gender champions are men who have had female mentors, who have daughters or working wives, who have noticed inequities on their own teams and worked to correct them, or who see themselves as a minority as well.

She encouraged women to feel free to tell their own stories about what it is like to be a woman working in technology. “We want to help men who want to be advocates but are not sure how.”

Several of the panelists also discussed men who championed their advancement. Ulrich explained how she chose her first job out of college based on which boss she felt would be the best champion. She said, “I recognized that this was a guy who seemed to really care about people in that company – now I know that he was a sponsor.” Similarly, Derry broke into the tech space when a male champion who interviewed her for a job took a chance on her. She recalled, “He said, ‘you have none of the skills we need right now, but I see potential in you. I’d like to hire you and we’ll find you something to do.’”

2. Taking Risks

Yates Rivers, who founded her own company after working for Exxon for many years, said that an appetite for risk is a critical part of being an entrepreneur. She explained, “I just felt internally that I needed to direct my own path. Starting out in Corporate America is great. But if you have an inner desire or an innate desire to be your own boss in technology, then there is that possibility.”

Now, she is driven by the ability to develop solutions for her clients. “Being a sales person has taught me a lot about how to negotiate and ask for what you want.”

Similarly, Vitale’s own reinvention brought her into the technology field. After working in CFO roles for a time, she was offered the role of Chief Information Security Officer at American Express by one of the company’s presidents she had gotten to know well and who trusted her (sponsorship again). She accepted the stretch role because of his support. “I’ve thrived here,” she said, “because I’m so fascinated. I’ve forced myself into very uncomfortable positions to keep learning.”

Ulrich also took a big risk when advocating for transformational change at Legg Mason – and wound up with a new and exciting role. The company was in the process of dismantling its centralized technology division, but she saw an opportunity and made the case to senior management to transform what was essentially a “keep the lights on” model into a “grow the business” model. She convinced them to explore outsourcing the technology functions that were really commodities, and “take the budget headroom that outsourcing would create and spend on innovation,” she recalled. “I said if you think that this approach makes sense, then I’ll throw my hat into the ring for CIO.” And that’s exactly what happened.

3. Leveraging Your Problem Solving Skills

Both Vitale and Derry discussed how they leveraged their personal skills to help them advance. Vitale, who has spent her entire career at American Express, said the early skills she developed as a college student working in customer service for the company have benefited her throughout every stage of her advancement. “I learned to listen and understand people, which helps when you are doing problem solving. And problem solving really helped me understand how to navigate.” She continued, “Don’t underestimate some of those early job skills. You learn something with every experience and carry it forth.”

Derry began her career in technology without having a traditional technical background, but when she started working in the space, she managed to catch up through a lot of studying and hard work, she recalled. She explained that her skills as a problem solver also helped her advance to leadership. “One thing I’ve learned is that when you raise your hand and say I don’t understand this, more people are willing to say so too. I think that helps you because then you are fixing things from a consensus-driven standpoint.”

By Melissa J. Anderson (New York City)

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