iStock_000007316048XSmallBy Melissa J. Anderson (New York City)

This article originally appeared on our new site Evolved Employer, a website dedicated to good corporate citizenship, diversity, and employee engagement best practices.

Last month’s issue of Wired Magazine featured an article by Jonah Lehrer detailing the effects of certain kinds of workplace stress on the immune system. “Under Pressure” discussed the work of Dr. Robert Sapolsky, a professor of Biology and Neurology at Stanford University, as well as summarized several other studies from around the world – revealing an important link between stress, power, and wellbeing.

Add that to a new report by Gallup showing how wellbeing affects employee engagement (especially in this current economic environment), and the issue of stress becomes even more pertinent for employers. According to Sapolsky (and Lehrer), stress negatively impacts your immune system, making you more at risk of both the sniffles and long term chronic illnesses.

But it’s not just any stress. Sapolsky is specifically talking about the kind of stress that comes from feeling powerless in one’s job or social position. And with layoffs, paycuts, and unemployment we’re all facing right now, many employees are beginning to feel the push.

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iStock_000009246116XSmallBy Elizabeth Harrin (London)

You don’t have to look too far into management research to uncover that all the statistics point to one thing: we prefer to work for men. When Ella Edmonson Bell asked her MBA students whether they would rather work for a woman or a man, most of them said they’d prefer a male boss. When ForbesWoman asked their Facebook community the same thing, the answers were the same. Admitting our preferences doesn’t seem to be a problem – we’re happy to confess that we want to work for men – but why do we feel like that in the first place? What’s so problematic about working for a woman?

“One way of explaining this phenomenon is gender schemas,” says Dr. Birute Regine, a developmental psychologist and author of Iron Butterflies: Women Transforming Themselves and the World. “A gender schema is an unconscious cultural assumption we hold about men and women. One schema is that women are first assumed incompetent and therefore not leaders, whereas for men it’s the opposite – that they are first assumed competent until proven otherwise.”

The problem with ideologies of this type is that we don’t necessarily know that we have them, and they tend to be pervasive. “Both women and men hold these assumptions,” adds Dr. Regine. “So perhaps women prefer male bosses because they assume they are more competent, and don’t give women the same benefit of the doubt or confidence going in. Women bosses may not be as supportive because, even though they know that they themselves are competent, these schema lead them to assume that other women are not.”

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iStock_000000157050XSmallBy Elizabeth Harrin (London)

“People would love to work in their pajamas, on their own schedule and get around the consistency of 9-5,” says James Sinclair, CEO of OnSite Consulting, a U.S. based consulting company that focuses on insolvency, distress, and concept repositioning, with a mission to help remote workers be more productive. “However, remote or flex working is wholly dependent on the employee and their ability to work in a quasi-autonomous environment and use it to their advantage. If it is about working just enough to get by then it won’t work.”

Sinclair’s assessment is common to many employers: flexible working including the option of working from home is a leap of faith. However, OnSite Consulting has made it work – and in fact, from the company’s inception, its founder decided against bricks-and-mortar and created a remote workforce instead. Sinclair is clear that a remote workforce can generate a return on investment. The remote workforce model saves his company $1million a year in overheads. “For me, only with the advent of group collaboration tools, cloud based document storage and VOIP can I actually ensure that my employees are completing their work and I am constantly managing my workforce,” he says.

Sinclair judges his teams on their results, not hours spent at their desks, and this is a major change in thinking for many organisations. “For some employees, they love this approach and can speak openly about when they are unavailable because their confidence in their position and their completion of assignments speaks for itself,” Sinclair explains. He adds that even if employees are tied to their desks there is the expectation that they will carry out some personal tasks like paying bills during work time – simply because they are at work during business hours. “Remote working has allowed open discussion regarding personal time and what is expected,” he says.

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Elegant leaderBy Hua Wang (Chicago)

According to a recent study, when changing jobs, women are more likely to continue to shine than men. Harvard Business School professors compiled data on 1,052 star Wall Street research analysts (defined by their Institutional Investor rankings) in the United States from 1988 to 1996. They found that a significant number of stars show a decline in performance in their new jobs and were likely to leave their new firms within five years. However, the decline in performance was found mostly in men.

The research showed that women who switched firms were able to maintain their star status, unlike their male counterparts. Talented women who switch firms tend to maintain their stardom, and their new employer’s share price holds steady. The implication of the study is that firms seeking to hire a top performer cannot accurately value the likely return on their investment based purely on that individual’s accomplishments in another organization.

Power of Relationships

Women, who made up 18% of the analysts in the study, were more likely than men to have built their success on relationships with clients and companies they covered. High-performing female analysts are boundary spanners—they tend to forge relationships with people outside their work environment and are connected to disparate groups of people. The network of support may contribute significantly to an individual’s ability to maintain top performance.

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Group of diverse business colleagues enjoying successBy Elizabeth Harrin (London)

We all know that diverse teams provide a operational advantage: different opinions lead to creative problem solving and a balanced, comprehensive view of work challenges. But how do you encourage diversity, and get managers involved in initiatives set in the boardroom – or indeed become involved yourself? The Glass Hammer asked five experts for their advice on how to make diversity programmes stick.

1. Don’t be scared of diversity!

“A key to treating employees fairly is to understand that diversity is something to be embraced and not something to shy away from, fear, or reject,” says Julia Mendez Fuentes, PHR, CELS, Director, Workforce Compliance and Diversity Solutions, for talent management company Peopleclick Authoria. She suggests that diversity training is one way to give middle managers the tools they need to ensure they treat their employees fairly, so if you are offered the chance to go on a course, take it. “Middle managers should definitely be trained regarding compliance issues such as accommodations for persons with disabilities and religious beliefs.”

However, don’t worry about having to single-handedly tackle problems that arise as a result of having a diverse workforce. “As far as handling complaints or issues involved with diversity, typically this is handled by someone within the Human Resources or Legal departments who is properly trained on how to keep track of the issues and is knowledgeable on ways that the issues can be resolved,” explains Fuentes.

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succession planningBy Elizabeth Harrin (London)

The number of managers available to step into leadership roles will drop dramatically in the coming years, according to a recent study by Egon Zehnder International. The average company will be left with just half the talent it needs by 2015. Why? Demographics – there just aren’t that many people around with the right type of skills and experience. This means that companies are going to have to get a lot better at identifying and nurturing talent from within, as recruiting externally is going to get tougher and more expensive. This is the process of succession planning, and not many companies do it well.

“Historically, companies only considered leadership development a priority for top executives. Market issues are beginning to change this mindset and more and more organisations are starting to think more widely and deeply about their talent,” says Alice Snell, Vice President of Taleo Research, the research wing of talent management software company Taleo. “Unfortunately, there is no ‘restore previous settings’ button to get organisations back to pre-recession growth and success, but having a comprehensive talent management strategy that identifies and builds on critical talent throughout the organisation is a good place to start.”

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newjobBy Elizabeth Harrin (London)

Starting a new job is always daunting. There’s so much to take in – settling in to your new desk, working out how to use different software to your old company, finding out how the coffee machine works. But on top of all that ‘new girl’ stuff you also have to make a fabulous impression on your new colleagues by quickly getting to grips with your new responsibilities.

Many companies offer induction or on-boarding programmes for staff that include pre-booked meetings with key employees, a buddy and general corporate orientation. However, as senior employee, you might not have the opportunity to join these programmes – or there might be nothing planned for you at all. What do you do if you turn up on your first day and are told to get on with it?

“New hires should strategize their entry with a strong awareness of setting the stage for their success,” says Stephanie Smith, who leads Stratex, an executive consulting and coaching firm based in New York City. She recommends finalising a written job description including your strategic purpose, performance criteria and reporting structure.

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hands computerBy Elizabeth Harrin (London)

Heard the one about the girl sacked via Facebook? Or the woman fired for blogging about her sex life? The internet is a dangerous place. “While fewer than 2% of employers have terminated employees for violations committed on business or personal blogs, that number is certain to grow as workplace blogging becomes more prevalent,” says Nancy Flynn, in her book The e-Policy Handbook. There are millions of blogs online, and if you write one you could be at risk of being marched out of your office with your stuff in a cardboard box. There’s even a word for it: dooced.

In 2002, Heather Armstrong, a web designer from Los Angeles, lost her job after her employers decided they didn’t appreciate what she had written on her website, Dooce. And a new word passed into the lexicon. Armstrong now makes a living from blogging and her website supports her family. However, she’s pragmatic about how she ended up writing as a career. “In February 2001, I launched dooce.com as a place to write about pop culture, music, and my life as a single woman,” she writes on her blog. “I never expected more than a couple of dozen people to read it. A year later I was fired from my job for this website because I had written stories that included people in my workplace. My advice to you is BE YE NOT SO STUPID.”

Here are our six tips to keep yourself employable online, and avoid the stupid stuff.
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takenseriouslyBy Elizabeth Harrin (London)

When a previous boss of mine told me I’d be a more significant player at work when I looked older, I almost rushed out and bought a twin set and pearls. But surely there are other ways to get taken seriously at work, aside from dying your hair grey and borrowing clothes from your elderly aunts.

The Glass Hammer spoke to six experts about how to come across confidently, professionally, and seriously in the workplace. Here’s what they had to say.

  1. Have confidence in your ability

    “Women often have less confidence than men – even when they have the same or superior smarts, experience, and talents,” says Ann Demarais, Ph.D., author of First Impressions: What you don’t know about how others see you, and owner of a business communication consultancy. “Their confidence is not always commensurate with their competence. Women leak this lack of confidence in their body language – by appearing quiet, fidgety, or overly perky.”

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careergoalsBy Tina Vasquez (Los Angeles)

New Year’s Eve has come and gone, but that doesn’t mean it’s too late to set career goals for 2010. Even if you have found yourself higher up the corporate ladder than you ever thought possible, it’s important to reflect on what success means to you. Does it simply mean attaining a specific title or earning a large paycheck? Setting career goals for yourself, no matter how much you’ve achieved or how idealistic they seem, is a good way to stay on top of your game and motivate yourself to not only do more, but do better.

Women need to take a more aggressive stance with their careers and the goals outlined below will help them do just that. It should be pointed out that though it’s great to have major career goals like become partner or CEO of a company, these five goals can actually be accomplished over the course of the remaining year so that by New Year’s Eve 2011, you’re on your way to bigger and better things. Here then, are five career goals that women at any level in corporate America should consider taking on over the remainder of the year:

  1. Network Aggressively

    It’s a given that most of your colleagues in corporate America have impressive accomplishments and a wide range of skills, but what gets certain people – men in particular – the promotion you’ve been hoping for? It’s a proven fact that networking leads to jobs and with so many qualified candidates in the job pool, sometimes it really does come down to who you know. Networking can mean schmoozing at a company event, attending an industry dinner, or maybe even hitting the golf course, but it’s got to be done. Read more